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KeywordsĪbdul-Manan AF (2018) On the appropriate use of life-cycle thinking for evidence-based sustainable transport policy. Finally, an overview of major disruptions that are changing the road-based transportation is presented and a balanced life cycle based policy approach is advocated.
An overview of several advanced spark and compression ignition engine technologies with the potential to improve the fuel economy and CO 2 emissions is presented. Furthermore, a brief overview of how OEMs are working toward achieving these targets is presented. The compliance options for these regulations are evaluated using a combination of fuels, engines, and hybridization in each transportation sector. For marine and aviation sectors, these include the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regulations and aspirations targeted at reducing the CO 2 footprint. For road transport, these include various government- and state-level policy initiatives such as the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and CO 2 emission standards and the zero emission mandates. Here, a holistic review of the current and prospective regulations targeted at curbing transportation-based CO 2 emissions is presented.
Such changes are more evident in the light-duty road transportation sector compared to the heavy-duty road, marine and air transportation sectors. The regulatory framework is evolving globally to more stringent requirements for fuel efficiency and CO 2 emissions, forcing the OEMs to adopt advanced powertrain technologies. The transportation sector accounts for around a quarter of global CO 2 emissions and is powered predominantly by fossil-derived fuels.
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